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Photographic 

Sciences 
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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

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Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductlons  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 

1980 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


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pTL/Coloured  covers/ 

I  Vf  Couverture  de  couleur 

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□    Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurde  et/ou  peiliculde 

□    Cover  title  missing/ 
Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


D 


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Cartes  gdographiques  en  couleur 


□    Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


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□ 


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Bound  with  other  material/ 
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n 


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Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
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D 


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Ce  document  est  filmd  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqud  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  .       22X 


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26X 


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loX 


1/ 


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32X 


ails 

du 

difier 

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iage 


irrata 
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pelure, 
in  d 


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32X 


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the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
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othec  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
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beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


1 

2 

3 

L'exemplaire  fiim6  fut  reproduit  grAce  A  la 
g6n6rosit6  de: 

Thomas  Fisher  Rare  Book  Library, 
University  of  Toronto  Library 

Les  images  suivantes  ont  6t4  reproduites  avec  la 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettetd  de  I'evemplaire  filmd,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
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par  le  premier  plat  9t  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  ie  second 
plat,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  film6s  en  commen^ant  par  la 
premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peu/ent  dtre 
filmds  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diff6rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cliche,  il  est  film6  A  partir 
de  Tangle  supdrieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas.  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  ndcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  m6thode. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

^%^Si%&e^o^'0^'0%B^<^t!(r<!^_ 


BKlfANICA 


AND  THE 


UNIVERSALITY  OF  ANGLO-SAXONISNI. 


-'V  % 


A   PAPER   RBAt>  AT  THE 


CdraiTIOK  of  ae  HOSra  ilERIC&H  81:  SME'S^MOI 


AT 


TORONTO,  AUGUSt  30,  1883, 


BY* 


LEWLS  ABRAHAM, 

of  WA8«rtNGTONi  lit  C. 


Printed  by  o»bfi»  op  thk  Convention. 


WASHINGf  OK,  0.  C. : 

jyp_D  &  DETWEILER,  PRmTlRS. 
1883. 


jg)ig;jj[iaw»^iiii9<tftig<a<3'a  (!r<aog(3»ai»fl(0  '34fe(ji!)^6??' 


GLORIA  BRITANICA 


AMI  Tnr 


UNIVERSALITY  OF  ANGLO-SAXONISM. 


A   PAPFR    READ   AT  THE 


CONVENTION  Of  \k  NORTH  AMERICAN  ST.  BEORGE'S  UNION, 


AT 


TORONTO,  AUGUST  ^o,  188^, 


liY 


LEWIS   ABRAHAM, 


Of  WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 


Printed  uv  carder  of  the  Convention. 


WASHINGTON,  D.  C.  : 

JUDl)  .V   DETWEILEK.  PRINTERS. 

1883. 


*•■■■ " 


1 


ENGLAND. 


That  pale,  that  white-faced  shore 

Whose  foot  spurns  back  the  ocean's  waving  tides, 

And  coops  from  other  lands  her  islanders. 

*     *    *     that  iMigland,  hedged  in  with  the  main, 

That  water-walled  bulwark,  still  secure 

And  confident  from  foreign  purpose." 

K.  John:  A.  II,  I. 


"'I'hat  royal  throne  of  kings,  that  scepter'd  isle, 
That  earth  of  majesty,  that  seat  of  Mars, 
That  other  Eden,  demi-paradise, 
That  fortress  buiU  by  nature  for  herself 
Against  infection  and  the  hand  of  war ; 
That  happy  breed  of  men,  that  little  world, 
That  precious  stone  set  in  the  silver  ^ea, 
Which  serves  in  it  the  office  of  a  wall, 
•Or  as  a  mote  defensive  to  a  house 
Against  the  envy  of  less  happier  lands ; 
That  blessed  plot,  that  earth,  that  realm,  that  England; 
That  nurse,  that  teeming  womb  of  royal  kings, 
Feared  by  their  brood  and  famous  by  their  birth  ; 
That  land  of  such  dear  souls,  that  dear,  dear  land. 
Dear  for  her  reputation  through  the  world." 

Rich.  IJ:  A.  II,  I. 


"  I  have  niiulc  only  a  nosegay  ofciillcil  lluwcrs,  .inil  have  l)roiight 
nothing  of  my  own  but  the  string  that  ties  them." 


Montaigne, 


No  effort  has  been  made  to  arrange  the  following  excerpts  in 
chronological  order,  but  rather  to  group  kindred  subjects  as  treated 
by  authors  of  separate  nationalities. 

Territorial  changes  of  great  consecjuence  have,  of  course,  taken 
])lace  since  most  of  the  selected  articles  were  written,  and  naturally 
no  attempt  has  been  made  to  correct  the  (pioted  statistics  so  that 
they  should  accord  with  the  record  of  the  present  day.* 

It  must  be  borne  in  mind  history  was  not  being  compiled.  \ 
have  been  simply  "a  snapi)er  up  of  unconsidered  trifles." 

L.  A. 

Washington,  U.  C,  October,  1883. 


*  "  Tlie  colonies  ami  clependencies  of  Great  Britain  embrace  about  one-seventh 
of  the  land  surface  of  the  globe  and  nearly  one-fourth  of  its  population.  The 
total  area  ir.  estimated  at  7,647,000  English  square  miles,  or  more  than  sixty 
times  the  extent  of  the  United  Kingdom.  Of  this  vast  dominion  3,000,000 
square  miles  are  in  America,  500,000  in  Africa,  1,000,000  in  Asia,  and  more  than 
2,000,000  in  Australia.  April  4,  188 1,  the  total  populafion  of  the  United  King- 
dom was  35,262,762,  and  of  the  colonies  about  270,000,000." — Stalesnian' s  Year 
Book,  1SS3. 


'riiiit  Kii^flaiul  in  its  inarvcloiis  |)nt<rrcss  slioiiM  have  cxciicd 
cuvy  is  l)iit  natural,  l)iit  tlic  cllrcl  of  its  disscniinaiioii  (tf  the  ■xnuul 
principles  of  lilu-rty  and  ('nlij,dit('nin('nt  that,  underlie  An^ilu-Saxon- 
isni  lia.s  wruni;  alike  tnun  friend  and  foe  unstinted  reco^rnitiuii. 

It  is  not  to  1)0  wondered  that  pride  and  affection  for  the  "ohl 
house  at  home"  is  felt  by  tiiose  to  the  nuinor  horn,  as  well  as  revi-r- 
ence  for  an  «/ma  mrtic/' anionjij  those  sprung  I'roni  the  loins  of  sterling; 
ancestry.  I  [)ropos(!  to  review  some  testimonials  collated  from  the 
tomes  of  history  relative  to  the  greatness  of  the  British  I']mpire, 
drawn  indiflerently  from  distinguished  writers  of  various  nationali- 
ties. 

Milton,  in  his  Areopagitica,  utters  these  granil  words: 

"  Lords  and  Commons  of  England,  consider  what  nation  it  is 
whereof  ye  are,  and  whereof  ye  are  the  governors;  a  nation  not 
slow  and  (lull,  hut  of  a  quick,  ingenious,  and  piercing  spirit;  acute 
to  invent,  subtile  and  sinewy  to  (liscourse,  not  l)eneatli  the  reach  of 
any  point,  the  highest  that  human  capacity  can  soar  to.  Yet  that 
which  is  above  all  this,  the  favor,  and  the  love  of  Heaven,  we  have 
great  argument  to  think  in  a  peculiar  manner  propitious  and  j)ro- 
pending  towards  us." 

Mr.  Clludstohe  says : 

"There  is  no  parallel  in  all  the  records  of  the  world  to  the  case 
of  that  prolific  British  mother,  who  has  sent  forth  her  innumerable 
children  over  all  the  earth  to  be  the  founders  of  half  a  do/en  em- 
])ires.  Her  eldest  daughter,  the  American  Ke[)ublic,  has  risen  in 
round  numbers  in  one  single  century  from  two  to  forty-five  millions." 

Emerson  says  : 

"The  creation  of  wealth  in  England  during  the  last  century  is  a 
main  fact  in  modern  history.  The  wealth  of  England  determines 
prices  all  over  the  globe." 

Carpenter  says : 

"  The  amount  of  interest  })aid  on  our  enormous  loans  in  England 
alone  exceeds  six  millions  sterling  in  a  single  numth." 

The  Wedviinster  Review  says : 

"  Foreign  countries  have,  during  the  last  thirty  years,  added  three 
thousand  million  pounds  sterling  to  their  deb'ts^  and  the  liritish 
I)eople  are  the  great  lenders. 

5 


6 


"<)iir  tliiiikfr->  kimw  lliat  llriliiiii  iiiid  Aincricii  tu-diiy  own  jiikI 
•'oiitnd  iIh!  vast  rcsci'vuirs  uC  wealth,  the  iiiiiiit'iisc  ;;u|(|  (it-Ids,  tlic 
silver  iiiiiicM,  tlio  oil  wells,  llie  coiislaiitly  i'e|)leiiisliiii;x  lisliei'ies,  and 
the  iinineiise,  the  almost  iiiinieasurahle  wheat  fields.  In  addition  to 
all  this,  we  all  know  that  the  ;r<'iiins,  the  hrain,  the  skill,  the  push, 
that  employs  the  wind  and  water,  the  steam  and  electrieity,  is  very 
hirjL'ely  possessed  hy  the  same  people. 

"The  innnense  Slim  of  nearly  L'2,MI)(),0()(),0II0  is  now  owin;f  to 
Mn;r|iiii,|  iVoin  forei<;n  nations,  and  they  are  eontiniuilly  eomin^r  for 
inori^  'A  loan  is  announced  for  some  State  in  the  Old  World  or 
the  New,'  and  the  suhseriptions  so  pour  into  the  hanks  appointed 
to  receive  them,  that  the  usual  thin^^  is  fo'*  many  millions  more  than 
are  re(|iiire«l  to  he  oHered  in  a  week,  s(»metimes  in  a  day;  the  appli- 
cations for  permission  to  lend  to  tlie  Ixtrrowcr  heinj;  so  numerous, 
that  an  applicant  is  not  permitted  to  contrihute  more  than  a  half,  or 
a  third,  or  less  than  that  of  what  he  oiters.  So  enormous  are  the 
loans,  that  tin;  amount  of  interest  paid  u|)ou  them  in  Kn;^land  alone 
sometimes  exceeds  five  or  six  millions  sterlinir  in  a  sinj^le  month. 
And  while  they  liave  thus  leiil  and  are  still  lendint!;,  the  amount  of 
unemployed  capital  is  often  so  great  that,  though  oHered  on  loan  ut 
from  2  to  3  i)er  cent.,  borrowers  cannot  he  found." 

The  (piestiou  is  often  aske<l,  "  How  is  it  that  that  little  island  (»n 
the  rocks  owns  and  governs  so  many  great  nations  and  peoples  on 
the  other. side  of  the  globe?" 

An  emiueut  writer  says : 

"There  is  half  a  million  of  cities,  towns,  and  villages  now  under 
British  rule.  India  alone  has  over  sixteen  nations,  with  a  population 
of  over  2(M),()()0,t)()0  of  people,  and  innnense  wealth  and  energy. 

"  The  Anglo-Saxon  everywhere  is  destined  to  rule.  He  has,  some- 
how or  other,  a  sort  of  instinct  for  governing.  There  is  in  lijm  the 
right  stuff  to  make  governors  of. 

"  You  all  know  that  pjissage  in  Eothen  where  Kinglake  tells  us 
how  the  people  of  Cairo  cleared  the  way  for  him  as  he  rode  on  a 
donkey.  The  donkey-boy  ran  aheail,  shrieking  as  he  ran:  *E!i, 
Shiek,  eh,  bwit,  reggelek,  shumalek.'  '(),  old  nnin,  (),  old  virgin, 
get  out  of  the  way  on  the  right.  (),  ohl  virgin,  (),  old  man,  get  out 
of  the  way  on  the  left.  This  Englishman  conies,  he  comes,  he 
comes.' " 

Here  is  an  extract  from  the  pen  of  Mr.  Vernadsky,  a  Russian 
writer,  a  real  genuine  hater  of  Britain.     He  says : 

"  Britain  is  a  menace  to  the  safety  of  Europe.  She  is  the  juost 
aggressive  j)ower  of  modern  times.  There  is  no  pai't  of  the  world 
where  she  has  not  established  her  garrisons  or  her  colonies.  Her 
fleet  dominates  every  sea.    What  power  is  there  that  has  not  suffered 


from  licr  lunbition?  She  has  t(»rii  Gilnaltar  f'nmi  Spain,  Malta  and 
Canada  ("ntni  P'rancc,  llclitfidand  f'ntni  Denmark,  the  Cape  nfC  Jood 
II(tp(!  f'ntm  the  Dntcli,  the  (Jtild  Coast  from  the  r«»rtu^nc.S(',  and 
Iloni^  Konjf  <'n»m  China.  She  has  hnilt  np  l)y  thoswdnl  a  military 
power  in  Asia,  whicii  sccnrcs  her  ( Jovcrnmcnt  over  two  hnndrcci 
millions  in  India.  At  Aden  she  holds  the  ;j:ati'  of  the  Ivcd  Sea.  At 
Sin^'aporc  sh(M'ommands  the  road  to  China.  From  Fiji  she  d(»mi- 
natc's  the  I'acilic.  Her  territory  is  vaster  than  that  of  llnssia,  and 
^rreator  in  extent  than  all  lOnrope  withont  llnssia.  Ivnssia  annexes 
no  |)opulation,  except  Slavs  ami  a  few  tribes  in  Asia,  while  of  two 
hundred  and  fifty  millions  of  Britain's  snhjects  only  twenty  milli<  ^ 
are  FntiMshmen.  What  nationality  has  not  some  of  it.-  memhe/'j 
under  Jiritish  rule?  Italians  at  Malta,  Spaniards  at  (lil  ■altar, 
Arahsat  Aden,  (Jernuinsat  Ileliiiitlan*!,  Dutch  at  the  Cape,  Chinese 
at  llontr  Kon<,f,  Malays  at  Malacca,  Hindoos  in  India,  Katiiirs  in 
South  Africa,  Maoi'i(s  in  New  Zealand,  and  French  and  Indians  in 
Caiuida." 

A  French  writer  of  similar  tendencies  thus  j;r<)iij)s  t\w  facts  for  us  : 

"Arc  there  any  other  .seas,  any  other  continents;  seek  an  iiduil)ite<l 
or  an  uninhjihitol  spot  where  Britain  has  not  planted  lierfla<r?  All 
newly  discovered  lands  she  unhesitatinj^I,  annexes  to  hei'sclf  Wlu-n 
will  this  insolent  usurpation  cease?  What  balance  of  power  can 
exist  in  the  world  in  the  face  of  such  and)ition,  whicli  incr(!a.ses  with 
con(|uest  and  becomes  extrava<iant  by  dint  of  impunity?  It  is  not 
one  nation,  but  every  nation  which  should  o|)en  their  eyes.  It  is 
essential  not  for  one  i)eoj)lc,  but  for  every  peoj)le  to  know  whether 
the  ocean  itself  is  free,  and  if  the  whole  universe  is  to  fall  back  in 
the  ])resenee  of  the  dominiim  of  the  shop-kee|)in^  C;esars," 

Victor  Hu;;o  speaks  more  kindly  : 

"Over  that  sea,  in  calm  majesty,  lies  the  proud  island  whose  exis- 
tence consoles  me  for  a  thousand  continental  crimes,  and  vindicates 
for  me  the  jjoodness  of  Providence.  Yes,  yes,  |)rou(l  Knjiland,  thou 
art  justly  ))roud  of  thy  colossal  strenfith — more  justly  of  thy  godlike 
repose.  Stretched  upon  the  rock,  but  not  like  Prometheus,  and  with 
no  evil  bird  t)  rend  thy  side,  rests  the  j^enius  of  England. 

"  He  wait,=i  his  hour,  but  counts  not  the  iiours  between.  He  knows 
that  it  is  rolling  up  through  the  misty  gloom  of  ages,  and  that  the 
chariot  is  guided  by  the  iron  hand  of  destiny.  Dare  I  murnnir 
that  the  mists  will  clear  for  me,  that  I  shall  not  hear  the  rumbling 
wlu^ds  of  the  chariot  of  the  hour  of  England.  It  will  come — it  is 
coming — it  has  come.  The  whole  world,  aroused  as  by  some  mighty 
galvanism,  suddenly  raises  a  wild  cry  of  love  and  admiration,  and 
throws  itself  into  the  bounteous  bosom  of  England. 

"  Henceforth  there  are  no  nations,  no  peoples,  but  one  an<l  indi- 
visible will  be  the  world,  an<l  the  world  will  be  one  Englan«l.     Her 


1^ 


s 


virtue  and  her  j)atience  linve  ti-ium])lie(l.  The  lamp  of  her  faith, 
kindled  at  tl)(^  Ajx^tolic  altars,  hums  as  a  beacon  to  mankind.  Her 
example  has  re<;enerate(l  the  errinj^,  her  mildness  lias  rehuked  the 
rehellious,  and  her  j;entleness  has  enehanted  the  jjjood.  Her  type 
and  her  temple  shall  he  the  Mecca  and  Jerusalem  of  a  renewed 
universe." 

And  in  1H42  he  wrote: 

"  En<rland  holds  the  six  jjjreatcst  ^ulfs  in  the  world,  which  are  tlie 
(Julfs  of  (Tuinea,  Oman,  lienfj^al,  Mexico,  JJaftin,  and  Hudson.  She 
o])ens  and  shuts  at  her  ])]easiire  nine  seas:  the  North  Sea,  the  Kntrlisli 
Channel,  the  Mediterranean,  Adriatic  and  Ionian  Seas,  the  Archi- 
pelajro,  Persian  Ckilf,  Ked  Sea,  and  Sea  of  the  Antilles.  She  pos- 
sesses an  empire  in  America,  New  Jiritain ;  in  Asia,  an  omi)ire, 
Hindostan  ;  and  in  the  ^reat  ocean,  a  world.  New  Holland. 

"  Besides,  she  has  innumerable  isles  ujwn  all  the  seas  and  before  all 
the  continents,  like  ships  on  stati(ms  and  at  anchor;  and  with  which, 
island  and  ship,  herself  ])lanted  in  Europe^  she  communicates,  so  to 
speak,  without  dissolving  her  ccmtinuity  by  her  innumerable  vessels, 
tloatin<>;  islands.  The  Knjflish  people  is  not  of  itself  -i  sovcrcipfu 
])e<)ple,  but  it  is  for  other  nations  an  empire.  It  governs  feudally 
2,370,000  Scotch,  «,280.000  Irish,  244,000  Africans,  00,000,  Austra- 
lians, 1,200,000  Americans,  124,000,000  Asiatics;  that  is  to  say, 
14,000,000  of  English  ])ossess  upon  the  earth  1.37,000,000  of  meii. 
All  the  places  named  are  the  hooks  of  the  immense  net  wliereby 
England  has  taken  tlie  world." 

An  English  writer  says: 

"  Taking  into  account  only  the  colonies  of  England,  and  the  jK.pu- 
lation  increases  forty  per  cent,  each  decade,  we  shall  shortly  see 
thirty  to  forty  millions  of  British  people  scattered  over  the  earth, 
and  in  less  than  a  century  there  will  be  two  hundred  millions  of 
Anglo-Saxons  on  the  globe.  This,  irrespective  of  the  population  of 
America.  How  remarkable  the  fact  that  the  AngKvSaxon  race 
should  be  the  one  only  race  that  is  expanding!  What  a  sign  of 
rich  and  manifold  blessing  to  the  world !  It  might  have  been  the 
Muscovite,  or  the  Spaniard,  or  the  Hindoo,  or  the  Moslem  who  had 
become  the  colonizer  of  the  world.  How  terrible  in  that  case  wcidd 
have  been  the  prospect  before  the  species !  The  blackness  of  dark- 
ness would  have  rested  on  tiie  future.  We  would  have  felt  that  we 
were  rapidly  and  inevitably  api)r()ximating  the  extinction  of  liberty, 
and  that  a  revolution  was  in  progress,  which  would  as  surely  bring 
the  world  under  the  shadow  of  a  universal  tyranny  and  a  universal 
idolatry  as  the  revolution  of  the  earth  on  its  axis  brings  it  under 
the  shadow  of  night.  Amazing  phenomenon!  On  all  sides  dead  or 
dying  nations ;  one  trunk  alone,  the  Anglo-Saxon  to  wit,  ha.s  life  in 
it.  but  a  life  so  vigorous  that  it  is  fillini;:  the  earth  with  its  boughs." 


0 

Mr.  Diipin,  in  liis  poorer  Commerrialr  dr  hi  (inniile  lirriange, 
(l.H2(),)  writes: 

"  III  Europe  the  British  Knipiro  Ixirders  at  oiico  towards  the  iiortli 
upon  (fcrniany,  npon  Holland,  upon  France;  towanls  the  south 
upon  Spain,  upon  Sicily,  upon  Italy,  upon  Wi'slcrn  Turkey;  // 
Jiolilx  fhe  knjs  of  the  Adriatic  and  .Mediterranean  ;  it  eouiniands  the 
mouth  of  the  Black  Sea  as  well  as  the  Baltic.  In  America  it  ^ives 
houndaries  to  Russia  towai'd  the  Pole;  an<l  to  the  I'nited  Slates 
towards  tlu;  Temperate  rej^ions.  I'lider  the  Torrid  Zone  it  reijius 
in  the  midst  of  the  Antilles,  encircles  the  (Julf  of  Mexic  till  at 
last  it  meets  those  States  which  it  was  the  first  to  free  from  their 
dependence  on  their  mother  countiy,  to  make  them  more  surely 
depinidcnt  on  their  own  commercial  industry,  and,  at  the  same  time, 
to  scare  in  either  hemisphere  any  mortal  who  nM<;iit  endeavor  to 
snatch  the  heavenly  tire  of  u'enius,  or  the  secrets  of  its  con(|uests,  it 
holds  midway  hetween  Africa  and  America  and  on  the  I'oad  which 
connects  Europe  with  Asia,  that  rock  to  which  is  chained  the  Pro- 
metheus of  the  modern  world.  In  Africa  from  the  centre  of  that 
island  devoted  of  yore  under  the  symbol  of  the  Cross,  to  the  safety 
of  every  Christian  flair,  the  Jiritish  Empire  enforces  from  the  Bari)ary 
States  that  res])cct  which  tluiy  pay  to  no  other  |)ow('r.  Fi-om  the 
foot  of  the  Pillars  of  Hercules  it  carries  dread  into  the  remotest 
l)arts  of  ^[orocco.  On  the  shores  of  the  Atlantic  it  has  huilt  the 
forts  of  the  Gold  Coast  and  of  the  Lion's  Mountain.  It  is  from 
thence  that  it  strikes  the  ])rey  which  the  Jilack  furnishes  to  the 
European  races  of  men;  and  it  is  there  that  it  attaches  to  the  soil 
the  freedmeii  whom  it  snatches  from  the  trade  in  slaves.  On  the 
same  continent,  beyond  the  troj)ics,  and  at  the  point  nearest  to  tlu; 
Austral  Pole,  it  has  possessed  itself  of  shelter  under  the  very  Cape 
of  Storms.  Where  the  Spaniards  and  the  Portuguese  thought  only 
of  securing  a  port  for  their  ships  to  touch  at,  where  the  Dutch  saw 
no  capabilities  beyond  those  of  a  plantation,  it  is  jiow  establishing 
the  colony  of  a  second  British  people,  and  uniting  English  activity 
with  JJatavian  patience,  at  this  moment  it  is  extending  around  the 
Cape  the  boundaries  of  a  settlement  which  will  increase  in  the  south 
of  Africa  to  the  size  of  those  States  it  had  founded  in  the  noi'th  of 
America.  From  this  new  focus  of  action  and  of  con(piest  it  casts 
its  eye  towards  India;  it  discovei's,  it  seizes  the  stations  of  most 
importance  to  its  commercial  j)rogress,  and  thus  r(;nders  itself  the 
exclusive  ruler  over  the  passes  of  Africa  from  the  east  of  another 
hemisphere.  Finally,  as  much  dreaded  in  the  Persian  (Julf  and  the 
Frythrean  Sea  as  in  the  Pacific  Ocean  and  the  Indian  Archipehigo, 
the  British  Emj)ire,  the  possessor  of  the  finest  countries  of  the  eitst, 
beholds  its  factors  rei<rn  over  eiuhtv  millions  of  subjects.  The  con- 
<|uests  of  its  merchants  in  Asia  begin  where  those  of  Alexander 
ceased  and  where  the  terminus  of  the  Romans  could  not  reach.  At 
this  moment  from  the  banks  of  the  Indus  to  the  frontier  of  China, 
from  the  mouth  of  the  (Janges  to  the  mountains  of  Thibet,  all  ac- 


10 


knowledjije  the  sway  of  ii  luorcantile  company  .shut  u})  in  a  narrow 
street  in  the  city  of  London." 

"  Lot  India  boast  hor  piilms,  nor  envy  wo 
The  wooping  amber  nor  tbo  spicy  tree, 
While  by  our  oaivs  those  precious  loads  arc  borne 
And  realms  comnuvndod  which  these  treos  adorn." 

Thus  said  that  eminent  savant,  Provost  Paradal : 

"  Two  rival  ])owers,  but  only  one  as  to  race,  lano;uage,  customs, 
and  laws — JOuffland  and  the  United  States  of  America — are,  with 
the  exception  of  Kur()i)e,  dominating  the  world.  How  is  it  possible 
not  to  recollect  we  could  once  have  hoped  that  our  race  and  langinige 
would  be  ciiosen  by  European  civilizations  to  invade  the  remainder 
of  the  world?  We  had  every  chance  on  our  side.  It  was  France 
which,  through  Canada  and  Louisiana,  began  to  end)race  North 
America;  Lidia  seemed  to  belong  to  us;  and  were  it  not  for  mis- 
takes political  liberty  could  have  spared  to  our  fore-fathers,  the  lan- 
guage and  blood  of  France  would  in  all  likelihood  occupy  in  the 
world  the  place  the  language  and  the  blood  of  England  have  irre- 
vocably conquered  ;  for  destiny  has  spoken,  and  at  least  two  portions 
of  the  globe,  America  and  Oceanica,  henceforth  and  foi-ever  belong 
to  the  Anglo-Saxon  race.  Moreover,  now-a-days  a  book  written  in 
English  is  mucli  niore  widely  read  than  if  it  had  been  written  in 
French  ;■  and  it  is  with  English  words  that  the  navigator  is  hailed 
on  almost  all  the  accessible  coasts  of  the  earth.  However,  that 
actual  predominance  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  race  everywhere  out  of 
Europe  is  but  a  feeble  image  of  what  an  ai)])roaching  future  has  in 
store  for  us.  Acconiing  to  the  most  moderate  calculation,  founded 
on  the  increase  of  the  ])()pulation  during  the  last  decennial  period, 
the  United  States  will  number  more  than  a  hundred  millions  of  in- 
habitants at  the  end  of  the  })resent  centui'y,  without  speaking  of 
the  probable  annexation  of  Mexico  and  of  the  extension  of  the 
American  Republic  to  the  Panama  Istlnnus.  Brazil  and  the  several 
States  of  South  America  weigh  very  liglitly  by  the  side  of  such  a 
power ;  and  they  will  disapi)ear  wh(>n  the  masters  of  the  northern 
continent  think  fit  to  extend  themselves. 

"  At  all  events  the  American  continent  is,  in  its  whole  extent,  des- 
tined to  belong  to  the  Anglo-Saxon  race ;  and  if  we  take  into 
account  the  increase  of  speed  which  is  so  very  notable  in  human 
events,  it  is  very  likely  that  such  an  im])ortant  change  will  be 
accomplished  in  the  cour.se  of  about  a  century  or  a  century  and  a 
half.  It  is  not  the  less  certain  that  Oceanica  belongs  forever  to  the 
Anglo-Saxons  of  Australia  and  New  Zealand  ;  and  in  that  ])art  of 
the  world  the  march  of  events  will  be  very  rapid." 

The  learned  writer  tlien  comments  on  the  marvelous  material  pro- 
gress of  this  portion  of  the  British  Empire,  and  adds  that  it  is  easy 


11 


to  foresee  tluit  Cliiiiii,  to  wliicli  they  stsUKi  nearer  than  any  civilized 
nation,  will  acknowledge  them  masters  sooner  or  later. 

"  [t  is  certain,"  he  continues,  "  that  the  United  States  will  play  a 
"Treat  part  in  the  Eiust,  when  the  Pacific  will  he  in  great  activity,  lint 
Australia  can  heat  the  United  States  with  speed  ;  and  in  any  case  will 
contend  withthe  United  States  for  the  commercial  and  political  supri;- 
niacy  in  the  far  Kast.  Neither  Russia  nor  United  ( lermany, supposing 
they  should  attain  the  highest  fortune,  can  attempt  to  im|)ede  that  cur- 
rent of  things  nor  prevent  that  solution — relatively  near  at  hand — 
of  the  long  rivalry  of  European  races  for  the  ultimate  colonization 
of  the  univei'se.  The  world  will  not  he  Russian,  nor  German,  nor 
French,  ahia!  nor  Spanish;  for  it  can  be  assevted  that,  .since  the 
great  navigation  has  given  the  whole  world  to  the  enteri)risc  of  the 
European  races,  three  nations  were  tried,  one  after  the  other,  by 
fate,  to  play  the  first  part  in  the  fortune  of  mankind,  by  everywhere 
propagating  their  tongue  and  blood,  by  means  of  durable  colonies, 
and  by  transforming,  so  to  say,  the  whole  world  to  their  own  like- 
ness. During  the  sixteenth  century  it  was  rational  to  l)eliev(!  that 
Spanish  civilization  would  spread  all  over  the  world;  but  irreme- 
diable vices  soon  dispersed  that  colonial  power,  the  vestiges  of 
which,  .still  covering  a  va.st  S|)ace,  tell  of  its  ephemeral  grandeur. 
Then  came  the  turn  of  P^rance ;  and  Louisiana  and  Canada  have 
presented  the  .sad  remembrance  of  it.  Lastly,  England  came  for- 
ward ;  she  definitely  accomplished  the  great  work;  and  England 
can  disappear  from  the  world  without  taking  her  work  with  her — 
without  the  Anglo-Saxon  future  of  the  world  being  sensibly  changed." 

The  writer  then  goes  cm  to  show  that  even  if  Ru.'isia  should  possess 
Constantinople  she  would  never  be  able  to  counterbalance  the  naval 
powers  of  the  Anglo-Saxons;  and,  as  to  her  military  progress,  it 
would  at  once  be  .stop])ed  when  it  ha[)j)ens  to  meet  either  England 
in  India,  the  United  States  or  Australia  in  China ;  and  the  same 
argument  ap])lies  to  other  nations. 

i\i  '^  ^  ^i  *  *  i'f. 

"When  affairs  shall  have  reached  that  climax — and  it  is  not  too 
much  to  say  that  two  centuries  will  suffice  for  it — will  it  be  possible 
to  deny,  from  one  end  of  the  globe  to  the  other,  that  the  world  is 
Anglo-Saxon. 

*  ^  ;!;  '^  ijc  >i<  * 

"Thus  we  can  foretell,  through  imagination,  that  future  situation 
of  the  world,  and  glance  at  that  picture,  the  main  lines  of  which 
are,  so  to  say,  already  sketched  by  the  hands  of  fate.  And  if  we 
are  inclined  .seriously  to  ask  ourselves  in  what  time  earth  shall  have 
taken  that  new  form,  we  shall  easily  perceive  that  two  centuries  are 
scarcely  necessary  to  bi'ing  to  its  apogee  the  Anglo-Saxcm  grandeur 
in  the  Oceanian  region,  as  well  as  on  the  American   continent. 


1-J 

Tliat  jjrcaliu'ss  <tii<'r  cslaltlishcd,  no  one  shall  he  al»lc  t(t  menace  il 
iVoni  witlidiit,  like  liniiic,  whicli  was  suiTuiMuled  on  every  ?<i<l('  l)y  a 
Marliaroiis  woi-jd.  Tliere  are  no  more  harharons  nations,  an<l  the 
race  whicli  will  he  invested  with  tlu' }j,iii<lance  ol'  mankind  will  have 
to  I'ear  neither  the  coinpetition  nor  the  a|)i)earance  of  a  lu'w  race." 

I)'Anl)i;iiiy,  the  celebrated  iiistorian  of  the  Ilefoi'niation,  after  a 
visit  to  Kiijiland,  cannot  refrain  from  j^iving  vent  to  similar  impres- 
sions: 

"I  iiavo  been  struck  with  admiration  at  hehohling  the  people  of 
tlu)se  islands,  encom|)assin^''  the  j^lohe,  hearing;  ovorywhere  civili/ii- 
ti(  n  and  Christianity,  commandinu-  the  mostdistant  seas,  and  lillinix 
till'  earth  with  the  i)ower  and  the  Word  of  (Jod.  At  tin;  sijrht  of 
such  ])rosperity  and  greatness  I  saiti :  Ascrihe  ye  strength  unto  ( lod ; 
Ilis  excellency  is  over  Israel,  and  His  strength  is  in  the  clouds.  (), 
(Jod,  Thou  art  tei-rible  out  of  Thy  Holy  places.  The  (Jod  of  Israel 
is  He  that  giveth  strength  and  jjower  unto  His  peojjle.  JJlessed  be 
(iod." 

And  in  another  paragraph  the  same  eminent  man  remarks: 

"The  C!onstitnti  >n  of  England,  the  balance  of  her  powers,  the  slow 
but  sure  energy  of  the  nnivi'rsal  thought  of  the  peo|)le,  all  this  is  so 
beautiful  "that  we  cannot  but  recognize  the  Master-hand." 

Again : 

"What  Tacitus  said  of  the  JJritons  i.s  still  true  of  them.  Tiu^y 
respect  power,  but  cannot  suffer  the  abuse  of  it.  They  know  how- 
to  obey,  but  not  how  to  serve." 

j\I(nites(iuieu  gave  utterance  to  some  apothegms  ap[)osite  to  the 
subject  on  which  I  am  treating: 

"No  peoi)le  have  true  conunon  sense  but  those  born  in  England." 

"The  Constitution  of  England  is  the  admiration  and  the  envy  of 
the  world;  the  pattern  f()i'  politicians;  the  theme  of  the  elo(|uent  ; 
the  meditatitin  for  the  [)hi!osi)pher,  in  every  i)artof  the  world." 

"The  innnediate  object  of  their  ( Jovernmont  is  political  lilH'rty ; 
thev  possess  more  freedom  than  any  republic;  and  their  system  is 
ill  fact  a  republic  disguised  as  a  monarchy." 

It  must  be  remi'mbered  these  are  not  exclamations  of  the  present 
hour,  but  the  production  of  one  of  the  greatest  writers  of  any  age. 

Emanuel  Swedenborg  I'cmarked : 

"For  the  English  nation  the  best  of  them  are  in  the  centre  of  all 


13 

Chrisliiiiirt,  iHriiusc  they  liavi'  interior  iiitrlloctual  lijj;lit.  This  ap- 
poars  (ionspicuoiisly  in  llu!  spiritual  world.  This  liirlit  llu-v  (h'rivc 
tVoin  the  liberty  oi'speakiii},'  and  \vrilin<,',  and  theirhy  tllinlvin^^" 

rhillip  de  Coniniinos  expressed  iiiniself  thus: 

"Now,  in  niv  opinion,  amonj;  all  tiu'  soveivijiutics  I  know  in  the 
world,  that  in  which  the  public  <,^ood  is  best  attended  to,  and  the  least 
violence  exercised  on  the  j)eople,  is  that  of  England." 

I.aniartine,  in  his  History  of  the  Girondists,  although  often  attack- 
iug  the  policy  of  Great  Britain,  pays  tribute  to  the  greatness  of  the 
Empire  and  the  grandeur  of  the  character  of  its  statesmen.  He 
writes: 

"  In  England  the  mind  a  long  time  free  had  |)roduced  sound 
morals.  The  aristocracy  considered  itself  sufficiently  strong  never 
to  become  persecuting  again. 

"England  had  been  intellectually  the  model  of  nations  and  the 
envv  of  the  reflecting  universe.  iS'ature  and  its  institutions  had 
conferred  u])on  it  men  worthy  of  its  laws." 

Grosley,  struck  with  amazement,  exclaims: 

"  Property  in  England  is  a  thing  sacred  which  the  laws  protect 
from  all  encroachment,  not  only  from  engineers,  inspectors,  and 
other  people  of  that  stamp,  but  from  the  king  himself." 

"  In  England,"  says  Helvetiusi,  "  the  peoi)le  are  respected  ;  every 
citi/en  caii  take  some  part  in  the  management  of  affairs  and  authors 
are  allowed  to  enlighten  the  public  respecting  their  own  interest." 

And  Brissot,  who  had  made  these  matters  his  esi)ccial  study,  cries 

out: 

"Admirable  constitution!  which  can  only  be  disparaged  either 
by  men  Avho  know  it  not  or  else  by  tongues  bridled  in  slavery." 

"  The  English  nation,"  says  Voltaire,  "  is  the  only  one  on  earth 
which,  by  resisting  its  kings,  has  sncceded  in  lessening  their  power. 
How  I  love  the  boldness  of  the  English!  How  I  love  men  who  say 
what  they  think  !  " 

"The  English,"  says  LeBlanc,  "  are  willing  to  have  a  king,  pro- 
vided they  are  not  bound  to  obey  him." 

"  For  forins  of  guvornmcnt  let  fools  contest, 
Wliatever's  best  administered  is  best." 

Although  the  converse  is  believed  to  be  the  fact,  no  country  or 
government  yields  more  readily  and  implicitly  than  England  to 


|)iil)lic  (>|)iiii()n.     It   iiiak(>s  and   iiiiiiiiikcs  an  administration  in  an 
lioiir. 

U|)<»n  tiiis  f'eiiturc  Lelilanc,  u  Frenclinian,  wriu-s: 

"  I'uhlie  ()|>iniiin  in  Knulandl  Woo  to  iiini  who  (k'lii's  it!  TluTt' 
will  he  invoked  ajriiinst  liini  no  test  of  law  ;  lu'loro  no  court  will  lie 
he  taken  ;  there  will  he  started  aii;ainst  him  no  police  officers  oi- 
^•endarmes;  hut  he  will  run  the  risk  of  dyin<f  for  want  of  air  and 
of  disa|)pearin«^  crushed  hy  the  weight  of  iudiflerencc  or  scorn!" 

The  one  thinji;  remarkal)le  ahont  En<.dand  is  that  it  worked  out 
its  civilization  alone.  It  is  a  self-made  country,  as  wo  speiik  now-a- 
day  of  the  self-made  man. 

Huckle  says  this  peculiar  merit  is  universally  admitted,  and  adds : 

"  I  say  nothing  of  the  number  of  our  discoveries,  the  brilliancy 
of  our  literature,  or  the  success  of  our  arms.  These,  arc  inviduous 
to|)ics;  and  other  nations  may  perha})s  deuy  to  us  merits  which  we 
are  apt  to  exaggerate.  Jiut  I  take  up  this  single  ])osition,  that,  of 
all  European  countries,  England  is  the  one  where,  during  the 
longest  period,  the  government  has  been  the  most  (juiescent  and  the 
pe<»ple  most  active;  where  popular  freedom  has  been  settled  on  the 
widest  basis ;  where  each  man  is  most  able  to  say  what  he  thinks 
and  do  what  he  likes ;  where  every  one  can  follow  his  own  bent  and 
propagate  his  own  o])inions ;  where  religious  persecution  being  little 
known,  the  play  and  How  of  the  human  mind  may  be  clearly  seen, 
unchecked  by  those  restraints  to  which  it  is  elsewhere  subjected ; 
where  the  ])r()fession  of  heresy  is  least  dangerous  and  the  j)ractice  of 
dissent  most  conunon ;  where  hostile  creeds  flourish  side  by  side  and 
rise  and  decay  witliout  disturbance,  according  to  the  wants  of  the 
people,  unaffected  by  the  wishes  of  the  church  and  unc(mtr()lled  by 
the  authority  of  the  State ;  where  all  interested,  both  spiritual  and 
tem])oral,  are  most  left  to  take  care  of  themselves,  *  *  '^ 
and  where,  in  a  word,  those  dangerous  extremes,  to  which  interference 
gives  rise,  having  been  avoi<led,  despotism  and  rebellion  are  tHjually 
rare,  the  national  }>rogress  has  been  least  disturbed  by  the  power  of 
the  privileged  classes,  by  the  influence  of  peculiar  sects,  or  by  the 
violence  of  arbitrary  rulers." 

The  same  writer  forcibly  illustrates  the  reliance  of  the  aristocracy 
on  the  people,  and  a(Uls  that  it  naturally  followed  that  the  people 
imbibed  that  tone  of  indei)endence  and  that  lofty  bearing  of  which 
our  civil  and  i)()litical  institutions  are  the  consequence,  rather  than 
the  cause.  It  is  to  this,  and  not  to  any  fanciful  peculiarity  of  race, 
that  we  owe  the  steady  and  enterprising  spirit,  for  which  the  inhabi- 


h    ' 


15 

tiuitw  of  this  islsuid  hiivo  long  been  ronmrknhle.  It  is  tins  which  has 
ciiiihiod  lis  to  baffle  all  the  arts  of  oi)])irssion  and  to  maintain  for 
centuries  liberties  which  no  other  nation  has  ever  possessed. 

The  Rev.  J.  Jialdwin  IJrown,  one  of  England's  greatest  preachers, 
uses  the  following  language: 

"Parallel  with  tliis  stands  the  fighting  ])ower  of  the  race.  (Jod 
grant  that  we  may  never  have  to  use  it;  but  it  is  there,  and  it  is 
well  for  the  world  that  it  is  there,  the  power  to  hold  against  all 
comers  the  empire  which  we  have  won.  Of  old,  at  Crecy  and  Agin- 
court,  our  sohliery  made  them  a  name  of  I'cnown.  In  recent  times, 
the  wars  of  Marlborough  and  W(!llington,  Jnkerman  and  India, 
perpetuate  oui"  fame.  jNlarshal  Jiugeaiid,  no  mean  judge,  is  rej)orte(l 
to  have  said,  'The  English  infantry  is  the  finest  in  the  world;  but 
then,  thank  God,  there  is  so  little  of  it.'  It  is  well  for  us,  as  well 
as  for  the  world,  that  there  is  so  little  of  it.  We  might  be  temi)ted 
to  become  that  pest  of  civilization — a  military  nation  devoted  to 
military  glory. 

"As  it  is,  we  have  just  force  enough  to  hold  our  own,  and  a  repu- 
tation of  power  which  will  make  the  greatest  military  empire  dis- 
posed to  think  many  times  before  ranging  us  in  the  ranks  of  its 
foes,  as  was  when  in  the  Franco-Prussian  war  Belgium  was  as  safe 
as  London  under  our  shield.     -'-     '^     * 

"lint  altogether  more  precious  to  us  than  our  power  to  win  and 
to  hold  emj)ire  is  the  ])ower  to  rule  our  subjects.  This,  also,  among 
the  great  gifts  of  Providence,  has  not  been  withheld.  We  have 
under  our  sway  the  widest  em])irc,  in  point  of  extent  and  })o])uIation, 
which  is  known  to  history.  Speaking  roughly,  about  one-third  of 
the  human  race  scattered  over  the  four  continents  is  subject  to  the 
sceptre  of  our  Queen." 

"  'Tho  power  whoso  ling  is  never  furl'd, 

Wliosc  morning  drum  bouts  round  tlio  world.'  " 

Lecky,  the  great  historian  and  ])hil()so})er,  says  of  the  Anglo- 
Saxon  race  : 

"  That  the  great  source  of  their  national  virtues  is  their  sense 
of  duty,  the  ])ower  of  pursuing  a  course  which  they  believe  to  be 
right,  independently  of  all  considerations  of  sympathy  or  favor, 
of  enthusiasm  or  success.  Other  nations  have  far  surpassed  them 
in  many  qualities  that  are  beautiful,  and  in  some  that  are  great. 

"It  is  tlie  merit  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  race  that  beyond  all  others  it 
has  produced  men  of  the  stamp  of  a  Washington  or  a  Ilamixlen  ; 
men  careless  indeed  for  glory,  but  very  careful  of  honor;  who  made 
the  su])reme  magnitude  of  moral  rectitude  the  guiding  principles  of 
their  lives;  who  proved  in  the  most  trying  circumstances  that  no 
allurements  of  and)iti(m  and  no  storms  of  ])asHion  could  cause  them 


to  (loviiitc  •'ic  hair's  brcjidtli  f'n»iii  the  courso  tliov  believed  to  be 
their  (hity.  The  uiiweiirieil,  unostentatious,  and  inj^iorious  crusade 
of  Knghmd  a^'ainst  shivery  may  |)rol)ably  be  re<:ar(h'd  as  anion<^  the 
three  or  four  perfeetly  virtuous  acts  recorded  in  the  history  of 
nations." 

Time  will  not  permit  me  to  make  copious  extracts  from  American 
writers  and  statesmen.  \  select  from  a  paper  pul)lished  in  Califor- 
nia an  article  lieaded  Jiuasla  vs.  Eiujland,  December  20,  1874: 

"  En<j:land  holds  the  reins  of  the  world,  and  it  is  no  nse  for  us 
to  deny  it.  Her  dominions  cover  more  jiround  on  this  ^lobe  of  ours 
than  any  other  nation  can  lay  claim  to.  On  this  very  continent — 
the  Monroe  doctrine  to  tiie  contrary  notwithstandinff — she  ])ossessos 
a  jijreater  extent  of  territory  than  this  glorious  Union.  *  ''■  * 
Aside  from  this  ])oor  stretch  of  earth,  how  much  does  Enjrland  own? 
We  j^ive  it  up.  For  if  we  j^uessed  aright  to-day  our  calculation 
would  be  set  wrong  by  lier  new  accpiisitions  to-morrow.  The  num- 
ber of  Victoria's  subjects?  Well,  they  (|uadrui)le  those  of  any  other 
earthly  sovereign,  tind  there  we  cease  to  answer  conundrums." 

The  following  is  from  a  Washingtcm  paper  of  recent  date: 

"Great  IJritain  owns  nearly  nine  million  sijuarc  miles  of  the 
earth's  surface,  Tiie  United  [States  own  about  three  millions,  Jie- 
tween  them  these  two  nations  control  more  than  one-fourth  of  the 
surface  of  the  globe." 

The  Liverpool  Times  announced  the  birth  of  the  Prince  of  Wales 
by  summarizing  the  vast  extent  of  the  Em])ire  of  Great  Britain 
thus  forcibly : 

"  Salutes  in  honor  of  his  birth  will  be  fired  in  America  on  the 
shores  of  the  Hudson  liay,  along  the  whole  line  of  the  Ca'.iadian 
lakes,  in  New  Brunswick,  Nova  Scotia,  Newfoundland,  in  the  JJer- 
mudas,  at  a  hundred  ])()ints  in  the  W^est  Indies,  in  the  forests  of 
Guiana,  and  in  the  distant  Falkland  Islands  near  Gape  Horn ;  in 
Europe,  in  the  British  Islands,  from  the  rock  of  Gibraltar,  from  the 
inpregnable  fortifications  of  Malta,  and  in  the  Ionian  Islands ;  in 
Africa,  on  the  Guinea  cojust,  and  Ht.  Helena,  and  Ascension  from 
the  Cape  to  the  Orange  river,  and  at  the  Mauritius  ;  in  Asia,  from 
the  fortress  of  Aden  in  Arabia,  at  Karrack,  in  the  Persian  Gulf,  by 
the  British  arms  in  Afghanistan,  along  the  Himalaya  Mountains, 
the  banks  of  the  Indus  and  the  Ganges  to  the  soutliern  point  of 
India,  in  the  Island  of  Ceylon,  beyond  the  Ganges  in  Assam  and 
Arracan,  at  Prince  of  AVales'  Island  and  Singajjore;  on  the  shores 
of  China,  at  Hong  Kong  and  Chusan ;  and  in  Australia,  at  the  settle- 
ments formed  on  every  side  of  the  Australian  continent  and  islands, 
and  in  the  strait  which  separates  these  islands  of  the  New  Zealanders. 


No  prince  1ms  over  been  l)()rn  in  this  or  any  other  eonntry,  in  ancient 
or  MKxh'rn  times,  whose  birth  would  be  hailed  with  re)oi('in<rs  at  so 
many  ditlerent  and  distant  points  at  every  (puirter  of  the  ^dobe." 

Lester,  an  American  writer,  remarks  ui)on  this  newsjiaper  waif: 

"  After  j];lancinf?  ov^r  this  catalogue  of  countries,  we  might  well 
iiKjuire  where  is  there  a  sj)ot  where  English  cannon  do  not  s])ejik 
English  power?  Along  the  St.  Lawrence,  J^akes  Ontario,  Erie,  and 
Michigan,  one  booming  shot  rolls  down  over  these  free  States  saying 
'  England  is  here  and  her  cannon  too.'  The  wandering  tribes  of  the 
western  prairies  and  Guianian  forests  hear  it  and  cower  back  to  their 
fastnesses,  for  England  is  there.  It  sends  terror  through  millions  of 
hearts  as  it  thunders  from  the  hai'l)()rs  and  fortresses  of  the  East 
Lidies.  The  vessels  entering  the  Mediterranean  turn  an  anxious 
eye  to  the  rocks  of  Gibraltar  as  the  smoke  slowly  curls  up  their 
sides ;  and  th(i  report  of  a  thousand  cannon  say  in  most  significant 
language  that  England  is  there.  To  the  reflecting  man  there  is 
meaning  in  that  shot  that  goes  round  the  earth.  England  bends  her 
messengers  abroad  to  every  nation  and  the  insignia  of  her  ])ower  arc 
scattered  among  all  the  tribes  of  the  great  family  of  man  ;  while 
she  sits  amid  the  sea,  as  if  her  i)o\ver  was  the  centre  of  tides,  who»e  ' 
pulsations  are  felt  on  every  shore  and  u])  every  continent-piercing 
river.  To  England  we  accord  greatness ;  there  is  something  in  her 
name  which  awes  mankind.  The  ])ressure  of  her  hand  is  felt  on 
every  government,  and  her  voice  is  heard  at  the  council  boards  oi 
every  nation.  To  one  who  looks  only  on  the  territory  of  England 
])roper,  the  extent  of  her  dominion  seems  incredible.  That  a  small 
island  should  rule  half  continents  is  indeed  strange.  No  other 
nation  since  Rome  has  so  expanded  herself,  reached  out  such  long 
arms,  and  with  them  grasjjcd  so  much,  and  so  strongly.  How  so 
small  a  t)ody  can  extend  and  wield  such  immense  limbs  surprises 
those  who  calculate  power  from  physical  strength. 

"It  is  the  moral  jjower  of  England  that  has  carried  her  so  high. 

*  *  *  jjo  throne  since  the  world  stood  has  had  such  intellects 
gathered  round  it  as  the  British  throne.  The  clear  heads  that  en- 
circled it  have  ever  been  her  firmest  bulwarks.  It  was  this  moral 
power  alone  that  made  America  ber  successful  antagonist.  Hith- 
erto she  had  met  physical  force  with  moral  power;  but  when  she 
made  her  onset  here,  then  'Greek  met  Greek.'  *  *  *  England's 
i^oul,  not  her  arms,  has  impressed  itself  on  the  world.  It  is  the  intel- 
ligence with  which  she  speaks  that  swells  her  voice  so  far,  and  makes 
it  remembered  so  long.  It  is  the  intelligence  that  guides  her  fleets 
and  armies  that  makes  them  so  formidable.  Besides,  there  is  a  hu- 
manity about  her  when  not  crushed  out  by  pride  and  love  of  power. 
The  Commons  of  England  have  often  shown  a  steadfast  resistance  to 
tyrants  that  has  blessed  the  cause  of  human  freedom  the  world  over. 

*  *  *  The  yeomanry  of  England  are  superior  to  those  of  any 
other  nation  in  Europe.     Bold,  intelligent,  and  n))right,  they  ought 


r 


IS 


to  cunsliltitc  no  siniill  slinrc  of  licr  ;;lorv.  TIkmt  is  n  love  for  tlic 
riL'lit  iiiiil  t lie  true  iiiiioni,'  tliciii  wliich  (M|iiiilly  ri'sisls  liiwlc^^siu'ss  niid 
opiirc.-sioii.  It  is  tlic  intelligence  of  these  men  which  oiiiiht  to  he 
the  foundation  of  the  l^nj^lish  (Jovernnient. 

:({  :(:  *  .H  *  *  * 

"En^hind  alsostiinds  unrivaled  in  the,i:r<'!it  men  and  theliternture 
she  has  ^'■iven  to  the  world,  From  Alfred,  who  laid  the  foundation 
of  Hritish  history,  till  now,  she  presents  a  ^i'alaxy  of  illustrious  men 
furnishetl  in  the  annals  (»f  no  ancient  or  modern  empire.  In  her 
Milton  she  has  more  than  a  Homer;  in  her  Hacon  more  than  a 
Solon;  and  in  her  Shakespeare  more  than  the  earth  has  ever  heheld 
in  any  other  mould.  Iler  literature  hn.s  done  more  for  human  free- 
dom and  civilization  than  all  the  literature  of  other  natif)ns.  Iv\- 
pansive  in  its  nature,  it  has  <iiven  men  more  comprehensive  views 
and  uncovered  the  treasures  of  the  human  intellect.  It  has  revealed 
the  true  sources  of  power  and  taught  men  to  know  their  strength. 
IJacon  unhound  the  earth  and  set  men  acting  intelliiiently,  or  rathei' 
mai'chin<:,'  forward  instead  of  heatinji'  time.  Newton  unhound  the 
heavens,  and  hade  them  roll  in  harmony  and  heauty  hefore  the  eye 
(if  the  intelligent." 

The  same  American  hook  contains  the  following  paragrajjh: 

"In  England  and  o«/ of  England  one  is  everywhere  met  with 
evidences  of  her  greatness.  Whether  he  stands  in  the  centre  of  Lon- 
don and  feels  the  j)ulsationsof  that  mighty  heart  which  sends  its  lif{>- 
hlood  to  thp  farthest  extremities  of  the  Jiritish  Emj)ire,  oi-  enters  her 
palaces  and  manufactories,  or  walks  along  her  docks,  or  travels  the 
world,  the  exclamation  is  still,  Great  anil  miglity  England!  Her 
power  seems  omnipotent.  Hershii)s  circle  the  pole  and  '  })ut  a  girdle 
round  the  earth.'  Her  cannons  look  into  every  harhor  and  her 
commerce  flows  to  every  nation.  She  has  a  word  to  say  in  every 
l)art  of  the  habitahle  globe.  Scarcely  a  nation  projects  an  out'vard 
scheme  without  looking  up  to  hehold  the  aspect  which  England  will 
assume  towards  it.  Possessing  the  energy  and  valor  of  her  Saxon 
and  Norman  ancestors,  she  has  remained  unconciuered,  unbroken, 
amid  the  changes  that  have  ended  the  history  of  other  nations. 
Like  her  own  island,  that  sits  iirm  and  tramjuil  in  the  ocean  that 
rolls  around  it,  she  has  stood  amid  the  ages  of  man  and  the  over- 
throw of  enii)ires.  A  nation  thus  steadily  advancing  ovei"  every 
obstacle  that  checks  the  progress  or  breaks  the  strength  of  other 
governments,  making  every  world-tunudt  in  which  to  swell  its  tri- 
umj)hal  march,  vmst  possess  not  only  great  resources,  but  great  skill 
ti>  manage  them." 

Emerson,  in  his  book  on  England,  says: 

"The  culture  of  tlie  day,  the  thouglit  and  aims  of  men,  are  Eng- 
lish thoughts  and  aims.     A  nation  considerable  for  a  thousand  years 


10 

wiiuio  K;;l)('rt,  it  has  in  the  liisl  (•ciitiiiics  ul»taiiittl  llif  asci'iidiiiil.  mihI 
Htaiupfd  (lie  kiiuwlcd^fc.  activity,  and  powrr  nC  mankind  with  its 
ini|iicss.  'riitisi'  \vli(»  resist  it  do  nut  feel  it  or  ol»cy  it  less.  'I'lic 
Uussian  ill  his  snows  is  ainiin;x  to  he  Knj.disli.  Tlu'  |>ia('ti<al  coin- 
inoii  sense  of  modern  society,  the  utilitarian  dii'ection  wiiich  hihor, 
hiws,  opinion,  reli«rii»n  take,  is  tiie  natnral  j-vnius  of  the  liritish 
mind.  The  inllueiice  of  France  is  a  constitneiit  of  mo(h'rii  civility, 
hnt  lii>t  opposed  to  the  Kni;lish  for  the  most  \vhoh's<ime  eU'eel.  The 
American  is  (»nly  the  continnation  of  the  Kn;;lish  senilis  into  new 
conditions.  See  what  hooks  till  our  jihraries.  Fvery  l)ooU  we  read, 
every  l)io^n'aphy,  i)hiy,  romance  in  whatever  form,  is  still  lMi;j;lish 
history  and  manners." 

In  his  .speech  at  JNIanchester  he  said: 

"That  which  ^ives  a  solitary  .American  in  the  woods  a  wish  to 
see  Kn«,dand  is  the  *moral  peculiarity  of  the  Saxon  race — its  com- 
inandinj^  .sense  of  right  and  wron},' — the  love  and  devotion  to  that  ; 
this  is  tiie  imperial  trait  which  arms  them  with  tiie  sceptre  of  the 
ghjbe." 

Edward  Everett,  the  distinjj,nished  American  orator,  who  at  one 
time  represented  the  United  States  at  the  Court  of  St  James,  fifty 
years  ago  used  the  following  language: 

"It  must  he  conceded  that  of  all  the  States  of  Europe,   lOngland 
lias  been  from  an  early  period  the  most  favored  abode  of  liberty,  the 
only  part  of  P]urope  where,  f(tr  any  length  of  time,  constitutional 
liberty  can  be  said  to  have  a  stabli'  existence.     I  am  not  tin-  pane- 
gyrist of  England,  am  not  dazzled  by  her  riches,  nor  awe(l   by   her 
])ower.     The  sceptre,  the  mitre,  and  the  coronet,  stars,  garters,  and 
and  blue  ribbons,  seem  to  me  poor  things  for  great  men  to  contend 
for.     Nor  is  my  admiration  awakend  by  her  armies,  mustered  for 
the  battle  fields  of  Euroi)e,  her  navies  oversluuh-wing  the  ocean, 
nor  her  empire  overshadowing  the  farthest  east.     It  is  the.se  and  the 
price  of  guilt  and  blood,  by  which  they  are  too  often  maintained, 
which  are  the  cau.se  why  no  friend  of  liberty  can  salute  her  with 
undivided  afiections.     But  it  is  the  cradle  and  the  i-efuge  of  free 
principles,  though  often  persecuted,  the  school  of  religious  liberty, 
the  more  |)recious  for  the  struggles  through  which  it  has  passed,  the 
toiiibs  of  tho.se  who  have  reflected  honor  on  all  who  speak  the  iMig- 
li.sh  tongne ;  it  is  the  birthplace  of  our  fathers,  the  home  of  the  Pil- 
grims, it  is  the.se  which  I  love  and  venerate  in  P^ngland.     I  should 
feel  ashamed  of  an  enthusiasm  for  Italy  and  (rreece,  did  I  not  feel 
it  for  a  land  like  this.    In  an  American  it  would  seem  to  me  degene- 
rate and  ungrateful  to  hang  with  ])assion  upon  the  traces  of  Homer 
and  Virgil,  and  follow  without  emotion  the  nearer  and  plainer  foot- 
steps of  Shakespeare  and  Milton.     I  shonld  think  him  cold  in  his 
love  for  his  native  land,  who  felt  no  melting  in  his  heart  for  tliat 
other  native  countrv  which  holds  the  ashes  of  his  ancestors." 


■JO 

The  ilistinj;iiisli('(l  scliulnr  on  aiiotlicr  nccasiiHi  MjMtkc  nf  an  niirc- 
(•(inl('<l  <l('l)t  America  owcl  to  lOn^'land.  Had  tlic  nnitcd  Slalc.x 
Itciiii  scvt'H'd  fniiii  any  tttlicr  iialioii,  they  never  conld  have  l)een  a 
f'lTc  connnnnwealtli.  It  was  the  herita^^-  of  Mn^dish  hiws,  Kn;,dish 
ciistonis,  l']nj,dish  free(h>ni,  that  nmdc  it  |i(»ssil)h>  to  found  the  present 
Ivepuhlic.  Had  they  sprung  from  other  powers,  they  mi^dit  have 
heen  sachMed  with  a  coneorchit,  a  military  ostahlishment,  (»r  worse. 
They  did  not  spoliate  lOnjjjhmd,  hut  they  became  joint  owners  of  her 
Anji;h)-Saxon  ener^fy,  her  hiws,  and  her  literature. 

You  nil  romemher  the  eulojjy  of  Daniel  Wehster : 

"  Enjiihind  is  a  p(»wer  to  which,  tin-  purposes  of  forei<;n  concpiest 
and  sid)juji;ation,  Rome,  in  the  hei;^ht  of  her  j^lory,  is  not  to  he  co-i- 
pared  ;  a  power  which  has  dotted  over  the  surface  of  tlu;  whole  jrlohe 
with  her  |)ossessions  and  military  posts,  whose  morninj;  drum  heal 
followinjjj  the  sun  and  keupinj;  company  with  the  hours,  circles  the 
earth  (hiily  with  one  continuous  and  unbroken  strain  of  the  martial 
airs  of  England." 

It  has  heen  said  that  when  the  (Jods  made  up  the  languages,  they 
held  a  council,  and,  to  the  best  of  their  ability,  suited  tiie  different 
nations  witli  a  language;  when,  as  they  su})posed,  they  had  made  all 
the  languages  needed,  they  found  the  English  was  forgotten,  and,  as 
it  was  dinner-time,  they  took  a  few  words  out  of  all  the  existing  lan- 
guages and  mixed  them  together  and  gave  them  to  the  English. 

Some  one  said : 

"  Fate  jumbled  tlioiii  toiijother,  God  knows  how, 
Wliatcvcr  they  were,  they're  true-born  English  now." 

"  Greek's  u  harp  wo  love  to  hour, 
Latin  is  a  trumpet  clear, 
Spanish  like  an  organ  swells, 
Italian  rings  its  bridal  bells, 
France  with  many  a  frolic  mien 
Tunes  her  sprightly  violin. 
Loud  the  German  rolls  his  drum, 
When  Kussia's  clashing  cymbals  come, 
But  Britains  sons  may  well  rejoice, 
For  English  is  the  human  voice." 


Tlic  respect  and  regard  for  the  British  Constitution  in  American 
jurisjn-udence  is  no  mean  testimony  to  its  sterling  merit.  I  »vill  cite 
but  a  single  instance,  because  of  the  distinguished  character  of  the 
person  Avho,  before  so  august  assembly  as  the  United  States  Supreme 


21 


( 'uiirl,  iiivi>l<«'«|  the  iiiithnrify  <»f'  Kiij^'lisli  dcci.-^ioiis  with  Hirer  and 
ar;^iiiiuiit  tin  ('l(M|ii('iit  as  liix  luuiic  has  hccoiia;  illiistriuiis.  It  was 
on  a  (/iH'slioii  of  hiilmiH  corjHin  jirisiiij,'  diirin;^  the  h\\v  civil  war, 
when  certain  civilians  were  incarcerated  upon  the  liiidin^'M  (»('  a 
eoiirt-niartial.  T\w  attention  of'the  Court  was  called  to  recent  Kn^- 
lish  decisions,  l(»  some  »»t' which  i  will  hrieily  allude. 

Lieutenant  Frve,  in  174.'?,  was  imprisoned  hy  a  court-martial;  an 
order  of  arrest  was  issuecl  from  a  civil  trihuual;  it  was  not  respecte»l, 
and  the  members  of  the  court-martial  passed  resolutions  in  relerence 
thereto.  Lord  Chief  Justice  Wills  arrested  them  all;  they  then 
ma(l('  a  suhmisslve  apolojjy.  When  this  waa  read  in  open  court  the 
Lord  Chief  Justice  directed  that  it  he  recorded  in  the  I{emend>ran(!e 
office,  that  the  present  and  future  a;;es  may  know  that  whosoever 
set  themselves  up  in  opposition  to  the  law,  or  think  themselves  ahove 
the  law,  will  in  the  end  lind  themselves  mistaken. 

The  orator  (pioted  the  cases  of  the  Karl  of  Leicester  of  l'?22,  of 
Sir  Thomas  Durrell  of  Um,  the  ^reat  Bill  of  Rights  of  KIMM,  and 
remarked  that  since  that  time  no  Kin<r  has  dared  suspend  the  writ. 
It  i.s  only  to  he  done  hy  Parliament.  Next,  he  presented  the  famous 
case  of  Governor  Wall  of  1782,  who,  when  twenty  years  after  an 
occurrence  in  a  British  colony  of  Africa,  was  hrought  before  the 
most  august  a.sseml)ly  in  England  to  answer  for  having  suspended 
the  civil  law.  And  so  on,  through  numy  other  ca,ses,  all  in  favor 
of  personal  liberty ;  and  I  may  be  pardoned  for  this  detail  when  it 
is  remembered  that  this  testimony  to  English  justice  wa.s  given  in  an 
argument  before  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  by  so  emi- 
nent a  personage  as  the  late  President  Garfield. 

*  -.^  -.li  *  *  -^  * 

"  Has  Hi!  not  hid  her  and  her  favored  hvnd 
For  ages  safe  beneath  His  sheltering  liand, 
Given  her  His  Ijlessing  on  the  clearest  ijroof, 
iJid  n.'Uions  leagued  against  lior  stand  aloof, 
And  cluirgod  iioslility  and  liate  to  roar 
Where  else  tlicy  would,  but  not  upon  her  shore  ?" 


